Abstract: One of the most challenging issues in federated learning (FL) is that the data are often not independent and identically distributed (non-IID). Clients are expected to contribute the same ...

The growth of urban landscapes has genarally reduced biodiversity worldwide. Invertebrates have explored different environments, and it usually takes different sampling techniques to get a ...

Abstract: Traditionally, the uncertainty qualification is utilized with the known probability distribution function (PDF). However, in some scenarios, the PDFs of some uncertain variables are modeled ...