Abstract: Machine Learning (ML) has historically been associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) but has developed into an independent discipline. This paper argues for the ontological independence ...

Alien creatures may feel like pure fiction, but some of their most disturbing traits already exist in nature. Parasitic lifeforms, genetic manipulation, and extreme survival strategies can be found on ...

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The cactus on your windowsill may grow slowly, but new research shows that cacti are surprisingly fast at creating new species. Biologists have long thought that pollinators and specialised flowers ...

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of artificial intelligence from early symbolic, rule-based systems to modern large language models (LLMs) and retrieval-augmented ...