We were always taught that the fundamental passive components were resistors, capacitors, and inductors. But in 1971, [Leon Chua] introduced the idea of a memristor — a sort of resistor with memory.

We mentioned before about the \(+ c\) term. We are now going to look at how to find the value of \(c\) when additional information is given in the question.

When integrating simple expressions, the constant of integration, the \(+ c\) term, may remain an unknown. The value of \(c\) can be worked out when additional information is given in the question, .

CBSE 12th Maths Differential Equations Formulas: Check here for all the important formulas of mathematics in Chapter 9 Differential Equations of Class 12, along with major definitions, properties and ...