Power supplies use control-loop circuits to produce constant voltage or current. The transfer function—gain and phase as a function of frequency—provides valuable information about a control loop’s ...

It may come as a surprise to some that a control loop’s Bode plot does not always depict the loop stability and that the output impedance measurement, obtained non-invasively, always does. Challengers ...

Some brief theory and typical measurements of phase noise. How to produce the lowest phase noise at a PLL output. A standard design procedure for a typical Type 2, second-order loop. As stated in ...