In economic policy documents, Beijing’s leadership used the term “involution”, neijuan in Chinese, in efforts to combat excessive competition in market segments such as photovoltaics and lithium ...

China’s intensified fight against cutthroat, low-quality price competition – known as involution – is unlikely to result in supply-side reform of the same magnitude as such reform in 2015, as the ...

Abbreviations: BBD, benign breast disease; MHHS, Mayo Mammography Health Study; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; NA, not available; NPD, nonproliferative ...

China’s central bank and foreign‑exchange regulator reiterated the need to curb excessive — or “involution‑style” — competition within the country’s finance industry, framing it as a governance and ...

The following censorship instructions, issued to the media and internet companies by government authorities, have been leaked and distributed online. The name of the issuing body has been omitted to ...